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A certain amount of fading is normally correctable in printing process but correcting for fading beyond 30 % in a film- to- film process is complex and uses specialized techniques”. Citing again the European Broadcasting Union: “ Dye fading cannot be corrected by film treatment. Moreover, it can address artifacts not treatable by traditional photochemical techniques.
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Digital techniques allow an easier removal of color casts, equalization of the frame histogram, expansion of the dynamic range and adjustment of desaturated colors. Thanks to the relevant technical progresses of the last years, the digital restoration of color has widely spread. These restoration techniques involved a significant human intervention and constant supervision of the work. Ĭlassic techniques of film restoration were based on the use of optical and photochemical tools directly on the original film material.
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Since 1980, UNESCO has recognized “moving images” as an integral part of world’s Cultural Heritage.
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Martin Scorsese, the famous movie director, has started several years ago the challenge of making people aware about the need of a wide film restoration movement: “ Movies touch our hearts, and awaken our vision, and change the way we see things. The relevance of this problem is well-known, as stated by the European Broadcasting Union: “ Differential dye fading is the most common image degradation phenomenon in archived colour films”. Hence the strong ethical obligation to preserve and restore those moving images that represent our social memory. If not restored, a large part of the film cultural heritage will be lost relatively quickly. It has been estimated that about 80 % of the movies produced between 19 have been lost. The decaying process is irreversible, and the most effective method to slow it is to store photographic and cinematographic material at controlled temperature and humidity. Color negative and positive film, color print material, interpositives, and color motion-picture release print are all affected in the same way. The decay is a natural process that usually introduces a color dominant, loss of contrast and/or color desaturation. Unfortunately, color films are subject to the aging of dyes contained in the emulsion and of the support itself. Since its invention in the nineteenth century, cinema has become one of the most important media of popular culture, becoming in fact, next to the books, our historical memory.